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Newspaper articles
Effect of ginseng extract on foliage growth of strawberry
Report of the Stawberry Experiment Station

Newspaper articles 

�� Farmers' Newspaper   Dec. 14. 1998

 Farming Secret of the Advanced Farmers

Mr. Y. J. Lee has been practising the saponin culture with the strawberry in his hometown Puyo since 1996 and at last succeeded to open the Japan market by himself.

Saponin culture means the spraying method of ginseng extract to the leaf and root. Actually Mr. Lee has periodically sprayed the ginseng extract from the nursering stage. In early stage, he diluted the extract 1000 times to the water and afterwards changed to 800-500 times. By this practice, he has raised the strong plantlet against the disease and pest.

And strangely enough, the quality of the strawberry became so tough and glossy that he could sell at more reasonable price. Also the weetness increased 2-3 than the ordinary strawberry that many producers are visiting to learn his secret.

Mr. Lee is spraying the pesticide till the flowering stage, after that time he is using the natural plant extract to prevent the pests. His secret is the chrysanthemum extract. He dilute the chrysanthemum extract to 2000 times and spray the solution. By this practice, he could prevent the anxious pests.

The price of the chrysanthemum drops down after August. Mr. Lee buy all the remaining chrysanthemum in the field and bring to his farm. He cuts into small particle and input to the big jar together with black sugar and microorganisms. After that he is fermenting the material for 2 weeks.

This kind of effort has spread to many people and the quality of his strawberry became famous even to the Japanes buyer. He made contract with the Japanese buyer to export 500 kgs of strwaberry everyday for 2 month at the price of 6000 Won per kg.

�� Arim Newspaper   Jun. 29. 1998

 Strawberry likes ginseng
 Ginseng extract spray method

Strawberry grows well if it is fed with the ginseng(?). Somewhat curious experiment is being carried out by Mr. Lee(42, president of SangRok Farming Co.).

According to Mr. Lee, saponin extracted from ginseng provokes vigorous renewal activity to the plant as well as human.

Mr. Lee has developed this farming technology for 5 years. This year he has experimented in 2 strawberry farms with the ginseng extract. The result was successful! The sweetness of the strawberry increased after it was treated with the extract.

Mr. Shin, one farmer who experimented that extract in his strawberry greenhouse, is saying "The plant became stronger to disease and pests, fruit became larger and sweeter, so the income increased."

Mr. Lee explains that the saponin solution makes the plant healthy by forming thin membrane on the surface of the leaf and stem which strengthen the resistance against disease and pest, as well as preventing the drying of the plant surface and provoking the renewal activity of the cell.

Also it makes the nutrient in the soil easy to be absorbed by activating the organic matter decomposing enzyme in the soil. By this kind of reactions, the farmers can expect the preventing the freeze, growth stimulation of the pollen and flower, high yield, high gloss, harvest of sweeter fruit.

Mr. Lee is now patent pending on this saponin farming and related material out of the field experiment about the saponin farming effect.

�� Farmers' Newspaper   Feb. 10. 1999

 The appearance of sweet and disease-resistant ginseng strawberry

The development of ginseng strawberry containing the saponin constituent of ginseng is being concentrated by many farmers.

This new concept strawberry was developed by the Nonsan Strawberry Experiment Station by spraying the ginseng solution to the leaf of strawberry. The mixture of ginseng skin and broken roots, bamboo sap, grandma flower root, molasse is fermented to the ginseng solution. This solution is sprayed at the ratio of 60-80�� to 20�� water per 10a.

After transplating, it is sprayed at 10 days interval until the harvest. This experiment station investigate in 50 farms locally. According to them, the sweetness of strawberry sprayed with this solution was 10, 2-4 higher than the normal farms, hardness was 0.35, 0.15 higher than the normal, and more resistant to the disease and pest than the normal.

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Effect of ginseng extract on foliage growth of strawberry

by Hwa Nam Kim
Agricultural Resources Major Graduate School of Agricultural Development,
Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea

Preface

The history of strawberry cultivation is relatively short than other vegetables. It was first reported from France to grow the wild strawberry(Fragaria vesca) in 1368.

The present strawberry grown commercially worldwide is the hybrid between Fragaria virginiana and Fragaria chiloensis. In Korea, there is no precise documents about the strawberry history, but it is estimated to be transferred from Japan in early 20th century.

In Korea, the strawberry area was 20ha and yield was 325M/T in 1970s, while it increased to 7,143ha and 170,089M/T in 1996. Compared to the 1970s, the area increased 357 times and yield increased 523 times. In 1996, strawberry was major economic crops composing the 8.8% in area, 7.6% in yield among the major fruit vegetables. Also the environment was changed from the open field to the forcing culture, medium forcing greenhouse. But the greenhouse environment is much more difficult than the open field. Farmers are trying to overcome this unfavorable condition in strawberry growing.
Among such effort, leaf spraying is one way. Recently some Korean farmers are spraying ginseng extract and saying that method quite effective. I designed this experiment to confirm that.

Material and Method

Two strawberry cultivar, Suhong and Hokowase was used for the experiment. In April, 1997, mother plant of Suhong and Hokowase was selected and planted to pots.

In August 1997, seedling was taken and transplanted to plastic pot of diameter 12cm. In September, that seedling was transplanted to 24cm diameter plastic pot and passed the winter. After the winter, from Mar. 26, 1998 to May 7, ginseng extract of 200X, 400X, 800X dilution and water as control was sprayed 10 times at 5 days intervals. Suhong cultivar was divided into 8 repeat plot per treatment(1 pot 1 repeat), Hokowase was divided into 3 repeat plot.

Investigation was carried out from April 21(26 days after treatment) to May 15, every 2 days on petiole length, leaf blade length, leaf width length of the 3rd leaf. Photosynthetic rate was investigated from 10 am to 2 pm of April 28, 1998 on the 3rd leaf by using the photosynthetic meter(LI-COR, inc; LI-6250). The 3rd leaf of every plots were selected and investigated 3 times per treatment for 10 seconds and 3 times continuously. And fruit characteristic was investigated on May 23 on number, weight, and Brix sweetness every 1-3 repeat per treatment.

Result and Discussion

After winter at the early stage of two variety, ginseng extract was sprayed and the result was observed. During the observastion, difference of growth was confirmed between treatments. From 26 days after treatment, the petiole length, leaf blade length, leaf width length of Suhong variety was investigated every 2 days and the result is shown in figure 1, 2, 3.

Figure 1 shows the extinct difference of petiole length growth between treatments. On April 21(26 days after treatment) petiole length growth showed meaningful difference at the 200X plot and afterwards the trend was the same. In 400X plot, petiole length was longer than the control, but it was not meaningful. In 800X plot, petiole length was shorter than the control, but it was also not meaningful.

Fig 2 shows the difference of leaf blade length. Like the petiole length, leaf blade length showed meaningful difference compared to the control in 200X plot. In 400X plot, leaf blade length was longer than the control, but it was not meaningful. In 800X plot, leaf blade length was shorter than the control, but it was also not meaningful.

In case of the leaf width length, the trend was similar(Fig. 3). Leaf width length showed meaningful difference compared to the control in 200X plot. In 400X plot, leaf width length was longer than the control, but the difference was meaningless. In 800X plot, leaf width length was shorter than the control, but the difference was also meaningless.
The photosynthetic rate(Table 1) showed little difference between treatment. And table 2 shows that number per plant was 5 each in 200X and 400X plot, 4.3 in 800X plot, 4.7 in control, while the weight per plant was 35g each in 200X and 400X plot, 31.3g in control, 30g in 800X plot. Sweetness(Brix) was 13.8 in 200X plot, 13.7 in 400X plot, 13.4 in control, 13.1 in 800X plot.

Fig. 1. Effect of ginseng extract on growth in petiole length of strawberry cv. Suhong
Fig. 2. Effect of ginseng extract on growth in leaf blade length of strawberry cv. Suhong
Fig. 3. Effect of ginseng extract on growth in leaf width length of strawberry cv. Suhong

Table 1. Effect of ginseng extract on photosynthetic rate of strawberry cv. Suhong
Table 2. Effect of ginseng extract on the number of fruits and weight of fruits set per plant of strawberry cv. Suhong

In the Hokowase variety, the effect of the ginseng extract on the petiole length, leaf blade length, leaf width length investigated every 2 days is shown in figure 4, 5, 6.

Figure 4 shows the extinct difference of petiole length growth between treatments. On April 21(26 days after treatment) petiole length growth showed meaningful difference at the 800X plot and afterwards the trend was the same. In 400X plot, petiole length was longer than the control, but it was meaningless. In 200X plot, petiole length was shorter than the control, but it was also meaningless.

Fig 5 shows the difference of leaf blade length. Like the petiole length, leaf blade length showed meaningful difference compared to the control in 800X plot. In 400X plot, leaf blade length was longer than the control, but it was not meaningful. In 200X plot, leaf blade length was longer untill certain stage, but after that showed little difference in growth and the difference was also meaningless.

In case of the leaf width length, the trend was similar(Fig. 6). Leaf width length showed meaningful difference compared to the control in 800X plot. In 400X plot and 200X plot, leaf width length was longer than the control until certain stage, but after that showed little difference in growth and the difference was also meaningless.

Like the observation and discussion above, the treatment of ginseng extract showed distinct difference on the new leaf growth. The valid concentration of ginseng extract was 200X dilution solution in Suhong variety and 800X dilution solution in Hokowase variety. The different reaction of cultivars between the concentration needs further observation.

We observed the leaf growth between different concentration treatment and the standard was the 3rd leaf. But the 3rd leaves of every plot are not the same leaf but different leaf, so the meaningful difference compared to control means the effect of ginseng extract. While the main constituent of ginseng is known as saponin, it is considered very curious by what mechanism this constituent have an effect to the growth of strawberry leaf.

The longer leaf blade length and leaf width length by the treatment of ginseng extract means larger leaf space. Little difference of the photosynthetic rate between treatment and larger leaf space means the possibility of more photosynthesis. This means the bigger fruit, yield increase, sweetness increase. Some people are asserting that the spray of ginseng extract forms outer skin on the plant surface, but the adequate concentration of ginseng extract should be further investigated as well as the effective mechanism of leaf growth.

Table 3. Effect of ginseng extract on the number of fruits and weight of fruits set per plant of strawberry cv. Hokowase

Fig. 4. Effect of ginseng extract on growth in petiole length of strawberry cv. Hokowase
Fig. 5. Effect of ginseng extract on growth in leaf blade length of strawberry cv. Hokowase
Fig. 6. Effect of ginseng extract on growth in leaf width length of strawberry cv. Hokowase

Abstract

Seedlings of two strawberry cultivars, Suhong and Hokowase, were planted in compost soil in pots 24 cm in diameter and grown in outdoor condition during the 1997/1998 winter. Ginseng extracts of 200X, 400X, and 800X dilution were sprayed on the fresh foliage of the plants in spring, 1998. Control plot was sprayed with distilled water. Foliage growth of the strawberry plants were measured to determine the ginseng extracts.

In Suhong, petiole length, leaf blade length, leaf width length were increased at 200X plot as compared to control. Photosynthetic rate was not different between the treatments. Fruit weight set per plant and sugar content were higher in 400X and 200X dilution plots as compared to control.

In Hokowase, petiole length, leaf blade length, leaf width length were increased at 800X dilution plot as compared to control.

Thus ginseng extract showed positive effect on growth of strawberry. However, further observation is necessary because inconsistent reaction between cultivars was observed.

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Situation of Ginseng Strawberry Production
Nonsan Stawberry Experiment Station

 Purpose

 Characteristics of the product

 Proceeding

 Experiment Result

 

 Expected Effect

 

 

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